For rare book or archival material, you’ll need the name of the place you found it and the collection name. For online material, you’ll want to record a URL or database name if possible. Where can others find the source? This is important for online sources and singular material like that found in rare book collections or archives.What is the publication information? This might include the name of the publishing company, the year of publication, and the name of the journal or book the information is in.How can you identify the source? This information will likely include a title, page numbers, volume or issue numbers, and edition.Who created the source? This might be an author, editor, translator, or corporate body.When citing your sources, you usually need a few key pieces of information: If you use any material (e.g., statistics, data, methodology) from a source you read while writing.You must cite your source in any of the following situations: Here’s a chart to compare these two citation styles: This style uses parenthetical in-text citation to let readers know to look at the reference list at the end to find the full citation for the information you have used. The second style is called author-date style. This style also often provides a bibliography at the end that readers consult, but this is not always necessary if sources are cited in full in your text. This style uses footnotes or endnotes to point readers to the original source of the information. The first style is the notes and bibliography style. If you’re wondering how these two styles differ from parenthetical citations, this guide on footnotes, end notes, and parentheticals contains more details on each method. Though different, each style allows you to tell your readers how you found your information. (Turabian A.1.4)įor more specific formatting guidelines, you can take a look at the appendix “Paper Format and Submission” in the Turabian manual.Ĭhicago style has two citation styles to let readers know that you used information from somewhere else and to show them where to find it. For the placement of page numbers, the general rule is to adhere to local guidelines and be consistent. Front matter like the title page and table of contents should use lowercase roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc.). Pagination: Pagination of the body of the paper and back matter should use arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.).Footnotes and endnotes may require different sizing and you should refer to your instructor’s guidelines (Turabian A.1.2). Times New Roman font size should be no smaller than 12-point and Arial no smaller than 10-point. Font: Turabian recommends using a font that is both readable and readily available to most people such as Times New Roman or Arial.Justification: Text should be justified to the left (CMOS 2.10).Certain forms of writing like dissertations or theses may require a larger margin on the left side to allow room for binding, but each institution will have different requirements (Turabian A.1.1). Margins: Margins should be at least one inch on all four sides (CMOS 2.10).Spaces at the end of sentences and after colons: Chicago recommends one space (CMOS 2.9 Turabian A.1.3). Exceptions are block quotations, table titles, and lists in appendixes, which should be single-spaced, and certain front matter (e.g., table of contents), footnotes or endnotes, and bibliographies and reference lists, which should be single-spaced internally but have a blank line between each separate item (Turabian A.1.3).
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